References

  1. Certified Organic: In Australia and the USA under ACO and USDA protocols. Certification #11640.
  2. Gold-Standard Clinical Trial - Ethics approved, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  3. CRA - Clinical Research Australia.

  4. Five Clinical Studies conducted to date:

    • Unpublished, open-label Safety Study (Jun 2015): Adult Human sub-chronic screening study for Khapregesic® (Dry Bark 20g daily (x7)).
    • Unpublished, open-label investigation into Clinical-Efficacy (Jan 2019): Abdominal Pain from menstruation, IBS &/or Anxiety. A Khapregesic® sub-chronic dose study.
    • Gold-Standard Clinical Trial (Jan 2025): An examination into the safety and efficacy of Khapregesic®, a Khaya senegalensis preparation, on pain, physical, and emotional wellbeing in women experiencing menstrual distress: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    • Two unpublished, open-label observational studies on senior adults:
      • (Jan 2025): A Chronic duration Elevated Dose Study of Khapregesic® on safety and efficacy in Older Females.
      • (Jan 2025): A Chronic duration Elevated Dose Study of Khapregesic® on safety and efficacy in Older Males.

  5. Clinical Research References:

    • A1) Kolawole, O.T., M.O. Akiibinu, and E.O. Awe, Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Potentials of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) Stem Bark Aqueous Extract. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2013. 3(2): p. 216-229.
    • A2) Androulakis, X.M., et al., Chemopreventive effects of Khaya senegalensis bark extract on human colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res, 2006. 26(3B): p. 2397-405.
    • A3) Lompo, M., Mechanism of the Anti-inflammatory Activity of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. (Meliaceae). International Journal of Pharmacology, 2007. 3(2): p. 137-142.
    • A4) Ukekpe, U.S., et al., Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant properties of Stem bark of Khaya senegalensis (Dry-zone Mahogany). J. Chem Soc. Nigeria, 2019. 44(7): p. 1268-1272.

  6. Additional Research References:

    • B1) Zhou, M.M., et al., Anti-inflammatory activity of Khayandirobilide A from Khaya senegalensis via NFkappaB, AP-1, and p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV-2 cells. Phytomedicine, 2018. 42: p. 152-163.
    • B2) Ukekpe, U.S., et al., Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant properties of Stem bark of Khaya senegalensis (Dry-zone Mahogany). J. Chem Soc. Nigeria, 2019. 44(7): p. 1268-1272.
    • B3) Shin, J., H.Y. Song, and M. Lee, Sudachinoid- and Ichangensin-Type Limonoids from Citrus junos Downregulate Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci, 2020. 21(18).
    • B4) Kandeda, A.K., et al., An aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae) prevents seizures and reduces anxiety in kainate-treated rats: modulation of GABA neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Heliyon, 2022. 8(5): p. e09549.
  7. Liu, X., et al., Research advance about plant polysaccharide prebiotics, benefit for probiotics on gut homeostasis modulation. Food Bioscience Volume 59, June 2024, 103831.